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Posted July 14, 2023

11 Tips to Write Better Code with Java Examples

Writing better code is not only about creating code that works as expected but code that is consistent, simple, and readable by other members of your development team.

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Writing high-quality code is an art that every programmer aspires to master. In this journey, we present 11 tips accompanied by Java examples to help you write better, cleaner, and more efficient code.

1. Understand the problem first

Before diving into coding, it's vital to comprehend the problem you're solving. Let's say we need to find the maximum number in an array. Understanding the problem leads us to a simple solution:

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```java
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int[] numbers = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
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int max = Arrays.stream(numbers).max().getAsInt();
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System.out.println("Max number is: " + max);
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```

2. Plan your code

Planning your code can save you from future headaches. For instance, if we're creating a class to represent a `Person`, we can plan the attributes and methods this class should have:

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```java
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class Person {
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    String name;
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    int age;
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    Person(String name, int age) {
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        this.name = name;
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        this.age = age;
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    }
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    void sayHello() {
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        System.out.println("Hello, my name is " + name);
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    }
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}
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```

3. Keep it simple

Simplicity is key in coding. Avoid unnecessary complexity. For instance, use Java's built-in methods when possible:

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```java
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String[] words = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"};
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boolean contains = Arrays.asList(words).contains("banana");
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```

4. Use meaningful names

Descriptive names make your code easier to understand. Consider the following example:

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```java
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// Bad naming
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int a = 5;
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int b = 10;
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// Good naming
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int numberOfApples = 5;
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int numberOfOranges = 10;
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```

5. Comment wisely

Use comments to explain the 'why', not the 'what'. Here's an example

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```java
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// This is a bad comment
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int x = 5; // Assigns 5 to x
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// This is a good comment
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int x = 5; // Start at 5 because the first five values have been processed already
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```

6. Follow a coding standard

Consistency makes your code easier to read. For example, always use camelCase for variable and method names:

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```java
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// Good
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int numberOfCats;
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// Bad
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int number_of_cats;
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```

7. Refactor regularly

Regular refactoring improves your code. For example, you can replace loops with Java 8's Stream API for more readable code:

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```java
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// Before refactoring
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for (String word : words) {
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    System.out.println(word);
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}
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// After refactoring
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Arrays.stream(words).forEach(System.out::println);
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```

8. Test your code

Testing ensures your code works as expected. Here's a simple JUnit test:

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```java
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@Test
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public void testMaxNumber() {
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    int[] numbers = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
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    int max = Arrays.stream(numbers).max().getAsInt();
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    assertEquals(9, max);
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}
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```

9. Learn from others

Reading others' code exposes you to different styles and techniques. For example, explore open-source Java projects on GitHub.

10. Keep learning

Stay updated with the latest technologies and best practices. For instance, if you're a Java developer, learn about new features in the latest Java versions.

11. Take breaks

Coding can be mentally exhausting. Regular breaks can help you maintain high productivity levels and prevent burnout.

Wraping up

Writing better code is a continuous journey. These tips and Java examples can guide you toward writing cleaner, more efficient, and maintainable code. Remember, the goal isn't perfection but constant improvement. To further enhance your coding skills, consider learning about automation patterns and antipatterns which can provide valuable insights into software development best practices.

Coding FAQs

1. What is the KISS principle in coding?

The KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle in coding emphasizes simplicity and clarity. It encourages programmers to avoid unnecessary complexity.

2. What is refactoring in coding?

Refactoring is the process of restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior. It's done to improve the code's readability, reduce complexity, or improve its maintainability.

3. Why is testing important in coding?

Testing is crucial in coding as it helps identify bugs and errors before the code reaches the end user. It ensures the code works as expected and meets the required functionality.

4. How can I improve my coding skills?

You can improve your coding skills by practicing regularly, reading other people's code, learning new technologies, and following best practices.

5. Why are breaks important when coding?

Breaks are essential when coding as they help prevent burnout and keep your mind fresh. They provide a chance to step back, review your work, and come back with a fresh perspective.

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