[UPDATE- November 2019] You can find the newest Get Started with Appium white papers here: Get Started with Appium- Java and Get Started with Appium- Ruby
This is the seventh post in a series called Appium Bootcamp by noted Selenium expert Dave Haeffner.
Dave recently immersed himself in the open source Appium project and collaborated with leading Appium contributor Matthew Edwards to bring us this material. Appium Bootcamp is for those who are brand new to mobile test automation with Appium. No familiarity with Selenium is required, although it may be useful. This is the seventh of eight posts; two new posts will be released each week.
To make our tests as useful as possible, we'll want to automate when they get run. To do that, we'll use a Continuous Integration (CI) Server.
A Continuous Integration Server Primer
A Continous Integration server (a.k.a. CI) is responsible for merging code that is actively being developed into a central place (e.g., "trunk" or "master") frequently (e.g., several times a day, or on every code commit) to find issues early so they can be addressed quickly -- all for the sake of releasing working software in a timely fashion.
With CI, we can automate our test runs so they can happen as part of the development workflow. The lion's share of tests that are typically run on a CI Server are unit (and potentially integration) tests. But we can very easily add in our automated mobile tests.
There are numerous CI Servers available for use today. Let's pick one and step through an example.
A CI Example
Jenkins is a fully functional, widely adopted, and open-source CI server. It's a great candidate for us to step through.
Let's start by setting it up on the same machine as our Appium Server. Keep in mind that this isn't the "proper" way to go about this -- it's merely beneficial for this example. To do it right, the Jenkins server (e.g., master node) would live on a machine of its own.
Quick Setup
A simple way to get started is to grab the latest Jenkins war file. You can grab it from the Jenkins homepage, or from this direct download link.
Once downloaded, launch it from your terminal.
java -jar /path/to/jenkins.war
You will now be able to use Jenkins by visiting http://localhost:8080/ in your browser.
Running Tests Locally
After loading Jenkins in the browser, we'll create a Job and configure it to run our Appium tests. Let's start with the Android tests first.
- Click
New Itemin the top-left corner - Type a name into the
Item nameinput field (e.g.,Appium Android) - Select
Build a free-style software project - Click
OK
This will load a configuration screen for the Jenkins Job.
- Scroll down until you reach the
Buildsection (near the bottom of the page) - Click
Add build step - Select
Execute shell - Input the following into the
Commandinput box
cd /path/to/your/appium/test/code bundle update rake android
In this set of commands we are telling Jenkins to change directories to our test code, make sure we have the necessary libraries, and then launch the Android tests.
Click Save at the bottom of the page, make sure your Appium Server is running (if not, load up the Appium GUI and click Launch), and click Build Now on the left-hand side of the Jenkins Job screen.
Once it's running, you can click on the job under Build History, and then click Console Output (from the left-hand panel). In it, you should see something similar to this:
Started by user anonymous Building in workspace /Users/tourdedave/.jenkins/jobs/Appium Android/workspace [workspace] $ /bin/sh -xe /var/folders/yt/h7v9k6px7jl68q81c9sqrd9h0000gn/T/hudson6140596697737249507.sh + cd /Users/tourdedave/Dropbox/_dev/appium/appium-getting-started/code-examples/7/1 + bundle update Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/........... Fetching additional metadata from https://rubygems.org/.. Resolving dependencies... Using rake 10.3.2 Using awesome_print 1.2.0 Using json 1.8.1 Using mini_portile 0.6.0 Using nokogiri 1.6.3.1 Using ffi 1.9.3 Using childprocess 0.5.3 Using multi_json 1.10.1 Using rubyzip 1.1.6 Using websocket 1.0.7 Using selenium-webdriver 2.42.0 Using blankslate 2.1.2.4 Using parslet 1.5.0 Using toml 0.1.1 Using appium_lib 4.0.0 Using bond 0.5.1 Using coderay 1.1.0 Using method_source 0.8.2 Using slop 3.6.0 Using pry 0.9.12.6 Using numerizer 0.1.1 Using chronic_duration 0.10.5 Using spec 5.3.4 Using appium_console 1.0.1 Using diff-lcs 1.2.5 Using mime-types 1.25.1 Using rdoc 4.1.1 Using rest-client 1.6.8 Using rspec-support 3.0.3 Using rspec-core 3.0.3 Using rspec-expectations 3.0.3 Using rspec-mocks 3.0.3 Using rspec 3.0.0 Using sauce_whisk 0.0.13 Using bundler 1.6.2 Your bundle is updated! + rake android . Finished in 38.39 seconds (files took 1.52 seconds to load) 1 example, 0 failures Finished: SUCCESS
Making Sure We Have A Clean Finish
We now have a working job in Jenkins. But we're not there yet. While the job was runnning you should have seen the Android Emulator open, load the test app, and perform the test actions. Unfortunately, after the job completed, the emulator didn't close.
Closing the Android Emulator is something that Appium doesn't handle, so we'll need to account for this in our Jenkins build configuration. Otherwise, we won't leave things in a clean state for future test runs.
The simplest way to close the emulator is by issuing a kill command against the name of the process (ensuring that the command always returns true). That way we cover our bases in case there is more than one emulator process running or if we try to kill a process that doesn't exist. So let's go ahead and add the kill command to our existing commands under the Build section of our job. For good measure, let's add it before and after our test execution commands.
To get back to the job configuration screen, click Configure from the main job screen.
killall -9 emulator64-x86 || true cd /path/to/your/appium/test/code bundle update rake android killall -9 emulator64-x86 || true
Now let's save the job and build it again. The job will run just like before, but now the emulator will close after the test run completes.
Creating Another Job
Now let's create a second job to run our tests against iOS.
To save a step, let's create a copy of our existing job and modify the build commands as needed.
- Click the Jenkins logo at the top of the screen (it will take you to the main page)
- Click
New Itemin the top-left corner - Type a name into the
Item nameinput field (e.g.,Appium iOS) - Select
Copy existing Item - Start to type in the name of the other job in the
Copy frominput field (e.g.,Appium Android) - Select the job from the drop-down as it appears
- Click
OK
This will take us to a configuration screen for the new (copied) job. Let's scroll down to the Build section and modify the Command input field under Execute Shell.
killall -9 "iPhone Simulator" &> /dev/null || true killall -9 instruments &> /dev/null || true cd /path/to/your/appium/test/code bundle update rake ios killall -9 "iPhone Simulator" &> /dev/null || true killall -9 instruments &> /dev/null || true
Similar to the Android job, we're using kill to end a process (in this case two processes) and making sure the command returns true if it doesn't exist. This protects us in the event that the test suite doesn't complete as planned (leaving a simulator around) or if the simulator doesn't close instruments cleanly (which can happen).
If we save this and build it, then we will see the iPhone Simulator load, launch the app, run the tests, and then close the simulator.
Running Tests On Sauce
We've covered running things locally on the CI server, now let's create a job to run our tests on Sauce.
Let's create another copy of the Appium Android job and modify the build commands.
Since we're not going to be running locally, we can remove the kill line. We'll then specify our Sauce credentials (through environment variables) and update the rake command to specify 'sauce' as a location. When we're done, our Command window should look like this:
export SAUCE_USERNAME=your-username export SAUCE_ACCESS_KEY=your-access-key cd /path/to/your/appium/test/code bundle update rake android['sauce']
If we save this and build it, our tests will now run on Sauce Labs. And you can view them as they happen on your Sauce Labs Account Page.
An iOS job would be identical to this, except for the job name (e.g., Appium iOS Sauce) and the rake incantation (which would be rake ios['sauce'].
Outro
Now that we have our Appium tests wired up for automatic execution, we're now able to configure them to run based on various triggers (e.g., other CI jobs, a schedule, etc.). Find what works for you and your development team's workflow, and make it happen.
About Dave Haeffner: Dave is a recent Appium convert and the author of Elemental Selenium (a free, once weekly Selenium tip newsletter that is read by thousands of testing professionals) as well as The Selenium Guidebook (a step-by-step guide on how to use Selenium Successfully). He is also the creator and maintainer of ChemistryKit (an open-source Selenium framework). He has helped numerous companies successfully implement automated acceptance testing; including The Motley Fool, ManTech International, Sittercity, and Animoto. He is a founder and co-organizer of the Selenium Hangout and has spoken at numerous conferences and meetups about acceptance testing.
Follow Dave on Twitter - @tourdedave
Continue the reading the other chapters:
Appium Bootcamp- Chapter 1: Get Started with Appium
Appium Bootcamp - Chapter 2: The Console
Appium Bootcamp - Chapter 3: Interrogating Your App
Appium Bootcamp - Chapter 4: Your First Test
Appium Bootcamp - Chapter 5: Writing and Refactoring Your Tests
Appium Bootcamp - Chapter 6: Run Your Tests
Appium Bootcamp - Chapter 8: Additional Information + Resources
